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Medicine is not only a human invention.Many other animals,from insects to birds tonon-human primates,have been known to self-medicate with plants and minerals for infectionsand other conditions.Helen Morrogh-Bernard,behavioral ecologist of the Borneo NatureFoundation,has spent decades studying the island's orangutans(红毛猩猩)and says shehas now found evidence they use plants in a previously unseen medicinal way.During more than 20,000 hours of formal observation,Morrogh-Bernard and her colleagueswatched 10 orangutans occasionally chew a particular plant (which is not part of their normaldiet)into a foamy lather()and then rub it into their fur.The apes spent up to 45 minutes ata time massaging the mixture onto their upper arms or legs.The researchers believe this behavioris the first known example of a non-human animal using a topical painkiller.Local people use the same plant-Dracaena cantleyi,an unremarkable-looking plantwith stalked leaves-to treat aches and pains.Morrogh-Bernard's co-authors studied its卧本chemistry.They added extracts from the plant to human cells that had been grown in a dishand had been artificially stimulated to produce cytokines(细胞因子)，an immune systemresponse that causes inflammation (and discomfort.The plant extract reduced theproduction of several types of cytokines,the scientists reported the finding in a studypublished last November in Scienti fic Reports.容内音家。发案容部调The results suggest that orangutans use the plant to reduce inflammation and treatpain.Such findings could help identify plants and chemicals that might be useful for humanmedications.的单府中醒从，遇小个-一床司面戌得。而识目面可调In creatures such as insects,the ability to self-medicate is almost certainly natural;woolly bear caterpillars infected with flies seek out and eat plant substances that arepoisonous to the flies.But more complex animals,such as orangutan,may learn such tricksafter an initial discovery by one member of their group.28.How does the author support his idea?,3景景器A.By analyzing data.B.By sharing experiences.C.By making comparisons.D.By giving examples.29.What do we know about Dracaena cantleyi?.buid odTAA.It can serve as a painkiller.idginot aniog nsmow odw.SB.It is orangutans'normal diet.dil sdT.8mbdAC.It is a plant with a foamy lather.alssnd e wonontot ol ovad usmodr iwD.It can function as building materials.01ag.英语试题（二）第6页共12页